I. Kev Taw Qhia
Nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntsug ntawm niaj hnub architecture, elevators, tsim los ntawm elevator manufacturing tuam txhab uas muag, tsis yog ib tug hom ntawm kev thauj mus los, tab sis cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub nroog lub neej thiab ib tug extension ntawm ib lub tsev functionality.Raws li lub "Tsev Neeg lub elevator thiab Escalator Market Research Report" ( Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Lag Luam, 2021), nrog rau kev nrawm ntawm kev loj hlob thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev kho dua tshiab ntawm cov elevator qub hauv cov tsev, cov tuam txhab elevator tau ntsib txoj hauv kev loj hlob tshiab.
Cov neeg nrog caij elevatoryog ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog lub tsev qhov kev pab cuam thiab kev vam meej. Hauv "International Building Of Elevator Standards," qhov kev nyab xeeb, kev nplij siab, kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab qhov loj thiab lub peev xwm ntawm of the elevator yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhia txog lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv niaj hnub architecture. Cov neeg nrog caij elevator tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov dej ntws thiab kev siv tau zoo ntawm lub tsev tab sis tseem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tib neeg txoj kev taug kev thiab kev nkag siab ntawm kev nyab xeeb.
Hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom no, peb yuav nthuav dav cov hom, tsim cov tswv yim, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg caij elevator muab los ntawm cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm sab saum toj. Tsis tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tam sim no cov qauv hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws, suav nrog "American Elevator Safety Standards" (ASME A17.1) thiab "European Elevator Standards" (EN 81), peb yuav sib tham txog yuav ua li cas kom ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi- Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab of elevator thaum ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntawm of the elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
II. Kev npaj rau kev teeb tsa neeg nrog caij elevator
A. Xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas
1) Lub Hom Phiaj ntawm Lub Tsev
Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub tsev yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab hom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub elevator. Cov tsev sib txawv xws li thaj chaw, kev lag luam, kev kho mob, kev kawm, thiab kev lag luam xav tau cov elevator nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li, cov tuam tsev lag luam yuav xav tau cov elevator siab ceev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thaum cov tsev nyob hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntsiag to thiab kev nplij siab ntawm lub elevator. Rau cov tsev kho mob, lub elevator loj thiab muaj peev xwm yuav tsum ua kom haum rau kev thauj mus los ntawm lub txaj hauv tsev kho mob, nrog lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator feem ntau muab cov kev cai daws teeb meem raws li cov kev xav tau no.
2) Lub peev xwm of elevator yuav tsum muaj
Lub peev xwm xav tau ntawm lub elevator yog ze ze rau qhov siab ntawm lub tsev thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg siv. Cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb ISO 4190-1: 2010 "Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Tsim Kho of Elevator thiab Specifications" qhia tias elevator muaj peev xwm ntawm 630 kg (8 tus neeg) txog 1600 kg (21 tus neeg). Kev xam cov peev txheej yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv tus account lub caij tsheb siab tshaj plaws (PHT) thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tsib feeb tsheb khiav (5MHT), uas pab txiav txim seb tus naj npawb thiab qhov loj ntawm lub elevator xav tau. Piv txwv li, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of elevator yuav xav tau cov elevator los txhawb nqa txog 160% ntawm lawv cov peev txheej txheem thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws.
B. Ua raws li cov kev cai thiab cov qauv
● Ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg caij tsheb: Ua raws li tus qauv tsim thiab kev teeb tsa of elevator txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo thiab kev sib tsoo.
● Zam kev lav phib xaub: Cov elevators uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai pab tiv thaiv kev foob thiab nplua vim kev ua txhaum cai.
● Kev ntseeg ntau ntxiv: Kev ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam ua rau cov neeg caij tsheb muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv lub elevator kev nyab xeeb.
C. Kev ntsuas qhov chaw nyob
1) Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev txhim kho tus neeg caij elevator yog kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm lub tsev tsim qauv. Qhov no suav nrog kev soj ntsuam kom ntxaws ntawm lub tsev lub ntsiab qauv kom ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hnyav thiab zoo li qub ntawm kev ua haujlwm of the elevator. Kev ntsuas yuav tsum suav nrog, tab sis tsis txwv rau:
● Tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev, qhov siab hauv pem teb rau hauv pem teb, thiab lub peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm txhua theem hauv lub tsev.
● Kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm lub elevator ncej thiab ntsuas nws cov peev xwm cuam tshuam rau lub tsev qauv, xws li txoj hauj lwm thiab lub zog ntawm kab teeb, kab, thiab cov phab ntsa load-bearing.
● Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov cuam tshuam seismic, kom ntseeg tau tias lub elevator tsim thiab kev teeb tsa ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj seismic hauv thaj chaw av qeeg.
2) of elevator Shaft Provision thiab tej yam kev mob
Lub elevator ncej yog qhov chaw nruab nrab rau kev ua haujlwm of the elevator, thiab nws cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim kho zoo cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm elevator. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev cai ncej thiab tej yam kev mob muaj xws li:
● Qhov tseeb ntawm cov ncej qhov ntev kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom of elevator nrog rau cov qauv hauv tebchaws thiab hauv zos.
● Cov qib thiab cov kav dej hauv cov ncej, uas txiav txim siab qhov kev txhim kho du thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv elevator.
● Cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig hauv cov ncej, xws li kub, av noo, qhov cua, yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev cai tshwj xeeb.
● Cov ncej yuav tsum tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li cov kav dej, cables, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav tsum tau hloov chaw lossis rov kho dua ua ntej lub elevator installation los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator.
3) Machine Room Qhov chaw thiab cov xwm txheej
Lub tshuab chav tsev nyob hauv lub elevator tswj tshuab thiab lwm yam khoom siv tseem ceeb, thiab nws qhov chaw thiab cov xwm txheej cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev saib xyuas thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub elevator. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm chav tshuab qhov chaw thiab cov xwm txheej muaj xws li:
● Kev xaiv lub tshuab chav tsev yuav tsum tso cai yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab xyuas kom muaj chaw txaus rau kev tu txhua hnub.
● Cov txheej txheem lub zog ntawm lub tshuab chav tsev yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom siv of the elevator, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tshuab traction thiab tswj cov khoom, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub tuam txhab elevator thaum lub sij hawm installation.
III: Tsim thiab Npaj Theem
A. Kev tsim qauv tsim
1) Ncej Dimensions thiab Structure
Lub tuam txhab tsim ua haujlwm of the elevator yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tsim ntawm lub elevator ncej, vim nws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab rau kev ua haujlwm of the elevator. Qhov ntev thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ncej muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub elevator qhov kev xaiv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm.Qhov dav, qhov tob, thiab qhov siab ntawm lub elevator ncej yuav tsum txaus kom haum rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lub elevator, kom ntseeg tau tias muaj qhov chaw txaus rau lub elevator. lub tsheb of elevator, nws txoj haujlwm, kev saib xyuas, thiab xwm txheej ceev.
Cov phab ntsa ncej yuav tsum muaj lub zog tsim nyog thiab rigidity los tiv thaiv cov quab yuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm of the elevator. Cov qauv tsim yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov kev taw qhia rails, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg txuas nrog cov phab ntsa ncej. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb feature yog qhov tsis nruab rau hauv qab ntawm tus ncej, uas yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev poob siab uas tso cai rau lub elevator nres kom nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej hnyav.
2) Tshuab Chav layout
Qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab chav tsev yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub elevator. Lub tuam txhab of elevator feem ntau tso lub tshuab chav rau saum lub ncej; Txawm li cas los xij, kev nce qib hauv thev naus laus zis tau coj mus rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab chav tsev-tsawg elevators.
Tshuab chav-tsawg elevators integrate cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau hauv lub ncej los yog lub tsheb, uas yuav tsum tau hais tias lub tuam txhab of elevator lub ncej qauv cia qhov chaw rau cov khoom installation txoj cai los ntawm lub tsim theem. Txawm li cas los xij ntawm lub elevator system hom, cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tshuab chav tsev lossis cov khoom siv qhov chaw-kub, av noo, thiab huv si-yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li ib puag ncig cov cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm of the elevator, ua kom nws ruaj khov thiab ntev.
3) Kev tsim tsheb of Elevator
Kev tsim lub tsheb of the elevator yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg caij tsheb kev nplij siab thiab cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub elevator txoj kev thauj mus los. Lub tsheb qhov ntev yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub tsev cov kev cai siv, xav txog yam xws li kev khiav tsheb khiav thiab lub tsev ua haujlwm. Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator yuav tsum tseem ceeb rau qhov hnyav thiab xaiv cov khoom siv ntawm lub tsheb, vim tias cov no cuam tshuam rau kev thauj khoom ntawm lub tshuab traction thiab tag nrho cov kev ua haujlwm.
B. Of elevator System Tsim
1) Tsav System
Lub tshuab tsav yog nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub elevator lub lag luam, ib feem uas lav lub nqa lub functionality. Lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator yuav tsum xaiv qhov tsim nyog tsav system kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo thiab kev txhim kho du. Tsav tshuab sib txawv, suav nrog hydraulic, traction, thiab tshuab-chav-tsawg (MRL) hom.
a) Hydraulic tsav tshuab feem ntau xaiv rau cov tsev qis qis, muab cov qauv yooj yim thiab kev siv nyiaj. Kev txiav txim siab txog kev teeb tsa muaj xws li qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab hydraulic chav tsev, kev teeb tsa cov kav dej, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov roj kub ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
b) Traction drive systems haum nruab nrab rau cov tsev siab siab zoo dua. Lub installation yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas ntawm lub tshuab traction lub teeb, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov steel cables, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm lub tsheb thiab qhov hnyav. Cov tsav tsheb qhov chaw teeb tsa kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev tsim vaj tsev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim cov tsoos traction tsav xav tau lub tshuab chav tsev ntawm lub tsev lub rooj sib tham.
c) Tshuab-chav-tsawg tsav tshuab tau nce kev nyiam nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture rau lawv qhov chaw txuag qhov zoo thiab kev yooj yim installation. Thaum txhim kho MRL systems, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub elevator ncej yog qhov loj me me rau qhov chaw thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv tsav.
2) Tswj System
Lub kaw lus tswj, lub hlwb tom qab of the elevator automation, tswj kev ua haujlwm, saib xyuas, thiab teem sijhawm ntawm of the elevator. Kev txiav txim siab rau kev teeb tsa rau kev tswj hwm muaj xws li:
a) Xaiv qhov chaw rau lub txee tswj uas ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm thiab debugging thaum ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob.
b) Cov kev tswj hwm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nthuav dav yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tsev ntse ntse thiab cov tshuab of elevator yuav tsum sib txuas lus zoo nrog lub tsev automation.
c) Kev teeb tsa thiab kev debugging qhov kev tswj hwm qhov ntsuas tsis yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, yuav tsum muaj cov kws tshaj lij los ua cov kev hloov kho raws li cov xwm txheej tiag tiag kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm du thiab raug ntawm lub elevator.
C. of the elevator Safety Design
1) Kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb
Thaum xav txog lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of elevator muaj npe nrov, cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam. Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator paub txog nws txoj kev saib xyuas kom meej meej, ua rau muaj kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ruaj khov nruab rau hauv lub elevator, tsis hais lub elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
a) Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Claws
Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator txhim kho tus tswv xeev-ntawm-tus-kos duab thiab kev nyab xeeb claws, ua kom lub plawv ntawm lub elevator txoj kev nyab xeeb ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Tus tswv xeev tau ua tib zoo ntsuas los saib xyuas lub elevator qhov nrawm thiab kev nyab xeeb claws raug sim rau kev sib koom ua ke txhim khu kev qha los coj cov kev tsheb ciav hlau, tiv thaiv txhua qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj dawb.
b) Overload Protection Device
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv overload yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv peb lub elevator. Qhov tshwj xeeb no tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom ntau dhau, tab sis kuj ua kom muaj kev ua raws li qhov tshwj xeeb elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab cov lus qhia muaj peev xwm. Peb cov kws tshaj lij tau raug cob qhia kom ua tib zoo ntsuas cov cuab yeej no thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
c) Qhov Rooj Interlock Mechanism
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg nrog caij elevator yog ntxiv txhim kho los ntawm lub qhov rooj sophisticated interlock mechanism. Cov yam ntxwv no yog qhov tseem ceeb, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub elevator los ntawm kev txav tshwj tsis yog lub qhov rooj kaw ruaj ntseg.
d) Buffers
Xaiv cov buffers uas tsim nyog rau lub elevator qhov ceev thiab qhov hnyav, ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab tshaj plaws thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb. Cov buffers no yog ib qho pov thawj rau peb txoj kev cog lus ua lub chaw tsim khoom of elevator rau kev tiv thaiv neeg caij tsheb.
e) Kev tiv thaiv of Elevator Landing Door Protection
Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas nruj kom ntseeg tau tias lub qhov rooj of elevator tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo qhib. Peb kuj tsom ntsoov rau qhov ua tau ntev ntawm cov qhov rooj no ua ib feem ntawm peb txoj hauv kev kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
2) Cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev thiab kev txiav txim siab
a) Emergency Lighting System
Paub txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev npaj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, elevators suav nrog lub teeb pom kev zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha, coj cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob poob.
b) of the elevator Emergency Alarm Device
Lub elevator ceeb toom thaum muaj xwm ceev yog ib qho qauv zoo hauv peb cov kev teeb tsa. Txawm hais tias nws yog lub tswb lossis lub kaw lus sib txuas lus, xyuas kom meej tias nws cov kev ua haujlwm raug tswj xyuas txawm tias thaum muaj hluav taws xob cuam tshuam.
c) Automatic Rescue Device (ARD)
Lub tuam txhab of the elevator tau saib xyuas zoo hauv kev teeb tsa ARD system, kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj kev ntseeg siab los coj cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau hauv pem teb ze tshaj plaws kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej nres.
d) Kev ntsuas hluav taws kub ntawm of the elevator
Kev ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yog tsis sib tham. Cov tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator siv cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv hluav taws thoob plaws hauv peb lub elevator cov khoom siv thiab ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog lub tsev hluav taws xob hluav taws xob rau kev tiv thaiv cov neeg caij tsheb zoo.
IV. Theem Installation
A. Kev npaj kev tsim kho
1) Kev tsim cov duab kos thiab cov lus qhia
Kev ruaj ntseg cov lus qhia ntxaws txog kev tsim kho thiab cov lus qhia los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator yog thawj kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj rau qhov project installation of elevator. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev vim lawv qhia txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li of the elevator sizes and capacity, shaft dimensions, elevator machine room layout, load requirements, and precise placement of the elevator equipment.
Cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator, muab cov txheej txheem ib ntus, kev qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tsim nyog rau kev txhim kho kom tiav. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho kom paub zoo nrog cov ntaub ntawv no kom tsis txhob muaj qhov yuam kev thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
2) Kev cob qhia pab neeg tsim kho thiab kev npaj
Muab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho of the elevator, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas pab pawg tsim kho tau muab kev cob qhia dav dav. Qhov no yog los xyuas kom meej tias lawv tau ua tiav nrog cov kev nce qib tshiab los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator, suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa thiab cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb. Kev cob qhia, pom zoo los ntawm lub tuam txhab of the elevator, yuav tsum suav nrog ntau yam xws li of the elevator mechanics, operational security, fault diagnosis, and emergency measure, kom ntseeg tau tias pab pawg tau npaj txhij rau txoj haujlwm ntawm tes.
3) Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb
Lub tuam txhab of the elevator tseem ceeb tshaj qhov kev nyab xeeb tshaj txhua yam thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Ua ntej pib kev tsim kho, yuav tsum muaj txoj kev npaj tiv thaiv kev ruaj ntseg ruaj khov. Txoj kev npaj no yuav tsum them rau txhua yam khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej tsim nyog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, uas suav nrog cov kaus mom hlau, cov hlua ruaj ntseg, thiab cov looj tsom iav tiv thaiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov paib ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb thiab cov ntawv ceeb toom yuav tsum muaj qhov tseem ceeb nyob ib puag ncig qhov chaw tsim kho. Kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb siab tshaj plaws thiab ua haujlwm kom raug. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum tau tsim ib txoj kev npaj teb xwm txheej ceev kom daws tau tej yam xwm txheej zoo.
4) Kev npaj ib puag ncig kev tsim kho
Tsim kom muaj qhov chaw tsim kho kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo ntawm lub elevator installation. Kev npaj rau ib puag ncig yuav tsum koom nrog kev tu cov ncej thiab chav tshuab kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, plua plav, thiab ya raws uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev teeb tsa. Cov teeb pom kev zoo tsim nyog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov ncej kom lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim kho. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov chaw kuj tseem ceeb heev, vim tias yuav tsum muaj thaj chaw txaus rau khaws cov khoom siv elevator thiab cov cuab yeej muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator. Thaum kawg, kev txheeb xyuas qhov cua nyob hauv cov ncej yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj huab cua tsis tu ncua rau kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm.
B. Txheej txheem installation
1) Kev teeb tsa Scaffold
Lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog hom scaffolding, seb puas yog xyoob ncej lossis cov kav dej steel, raws li lub elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm nrog rau txoj hauj lwm teem rau lub counterweight. Txawm hais tias siv cov khoom siv, kev ruaj ntseg thiab txaus load-bearing muaj peev xwm ntawm scaffolding yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm lub tuam txhab of elevator. Txhua txheej scaffold yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ob daim phiaj, thiab lawv qhov kawg yuav tsum tau muab khi kom ruaj khov rau cov kab teeb. Lub scaffold yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kev tsim kho yooj yim los ntawm pab pawg neeg tsim khoom of elevator.
2) Cov cuab yeej siv tshuab hauv chav
Qhov no feem ntau suav nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab traction, tus tswv xeev, thiab lub txee tswj los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator.
3) Cov khoom siv ntsia hlau ntsia
a) Qhia Rail Installation
Cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator yuav teeb tsa lub tsheb qhia rail brackets, counterweight guide rail brackets, guide rails, thiab straighten the guide rails kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo.
b) Kev teeb tsa lub tsheb
Raws li lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator, nws yuav mus rau nruab lub tsheb sling, ncua kev kawm thav duab, tsheb ncej, coj khau, tsheb hauv qab, kev nyab xeeb iav, thiab cov khoom siv ntau dhau, txhua lub sijhawm xav txog qhov tshwj xeeb elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
c) Counterweight Installation
Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator txhim kho kev txhawb nqa thiab nqa cov iav rau lub qhov hnyav, uas tsuas yog yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab txoj hlua traction tau tshem tawm lub tsheb counterweight ntawm lub traction sheave.
d) Buffer Installation
Lub tuam txhab of the elevator yuav tsum txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov buffers. Kho qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov buffers kom haum nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub tsheb thav duab los yog qhov hnyav hnyav, nrog rau qhov yuam kev tsis pub tshaj 20mm. Thaum txhim kho ob lub buffers ntawm tib lub hauv paus, lawv qhov siab qhov sib txawv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 2 hli.
e) Traction Steel Rope thiab Rope Socket Assembly Installation
Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlua hlau, muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator, yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov qauv tsim, tsis muaj kinks, corrosion, xoob strands, los yog cov xov hlau tawg, thiab cov tub ntxhais hemp yuav tsum tau lubricated yam tsis muaj ziab tawm. Lub tuam txhab ua kom muaj kev txaus siab ntawm babbitt (Babbitt alloy). Cov khoom siv uas xav tau muaj xws li tooj liab hlau nrog thaj tsam ntawm qhov sib tshooj ntau dua 2.5mm2, No. 20 lead hlau, roj av, kerosene, thiab paj rwb xov paj.
f) Kev them nyiaj yug Chain Installation
Rau cov elevator nrog qhov siab nqa qhov siab, cov khoom siv them nyiaj tau pom zoo los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator yuav tsum tau teeb tsa. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khau qhia thiab cov chaw saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov lus qhia hauv cov khoom siv nyiaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 3 hli, thiab qhov tso cai sag ntawm cov ntawv qhia kev tsheb ciav hlau rau lub log log hauv cov khoom siv nyiaj yuav tsum tsawg dua 1 hli dhau qhov siab. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov hlua khi hlua khi rau hauv av channel steel yuav tsum yog 150-200mm, nrog rau cov lus qhia rail kawg protruding 200-250mm saum cov khau qhia thiab nruab nrog lub phaj tuav ntawm qhov kawg ntawm phau ntawv qhia rail los tiv thaiv lub liner log ncej ntawm dhia tawm.
g) Taug kev Cable Installation
Ncej cable brackets yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kwv yees li 3.8m hauv qab no saum toj kawg nkaus slab rau ntawm phab ntsa ncej thiab ruaj nrog bolts los ntawm lub tuam txhab elevator.
Lub tsheb hauv qab cable bracket yuav tsum tau teem rau ntawm lub tsheb steel beam thiab ruaj ruaj nrog bolts los ntawm lub elevator cov kws tshaj lij.
Thaum txhim kho qhov hloov tau yooj yim, ua ntej ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm lub ncej txuas mus rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv chav tshuab, xov txhua kab rau hauv cov kav dej lossis cov xaim xaim, thiab tom qab ntawd tso rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab hloov pauv hauv lub qhov, kom ntseeg tau. txhua cable yog ncaj thiab untangled.
h) Kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob
Teem tawm cov kab hluav taws xob raws li daim duab thaiv rau lub tshuab chav tsev thiab cov ncej uas muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator. Cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kab hluav taws xob, cov kab nres, cov kab tswj, cov kab qhia teeb pom kev, cov kab khawm, thiab cov kab teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum txhua tus khiav los ntawm cov kav dej sib cais lossis cov xaim, tsis muaj cov pob qij txha hauv cov kav dej. Txhua cov hlau txuas yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov thawv sib txuas.
i) Limit Switch and Sensor Device Installation
Ua ntej, mount qhov txwv hloov mus rau lub bracket, ruaj nws nrog ib tug clamping phaj thiab bolts rau lub tsheb qhia rail. Tom qab ntawd, raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm qhov txwv hloov cov menyuam, txiav txim siab qhov twg los nruab lub hneev nti ntawm lub tsheb. Tib lub hneev tawm tuaj yeem siv tau rau ob qho tib si txwv thiab dhau mus.
4) Kev txhim kho of Elevator Qhov Rooj Mechanism
Thaum lub tuam txhab tsim ua haujlwm of the elevator ua qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm lub elevator, muaj ob peb kauj ruam meej uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm ntawm lub elevator. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog txuas cov bolts rau lub elevator tsheb ncej. Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb uas cov chaw tsim khoom ua haujlwm of elevator yuav ua tib zoo ua. Tom qab no, lub qhov rooj tus neeg teb xov tooj ncej txhawb nqa ntsia liaj qhov rooj yog ntsia; Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov bolts raug kaw kom ruaj ntseg kom haum raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
Thaum tus neeg teb xov tooj lub qhov rooj thiab lub tsheb of elevator raug teeb tsa los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator, lub qhov rooj txuas txuas yuav tsum tau kho. Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov rooj tsheb yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas tau teev tseg ntawm cov khoom kos duab uas sib txawv raws li qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab lub peev xwm.
Kev hloov kho kuj tau ua thaum lub qhov rooj tsaws hauv qhov chaw kaw. Lub chaw tsim khoom of elevator yuav xyuas kom meej qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb qhov rooj qhib riam hniav yog qhov zoo. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ob lub rollers ntawm qhov tsaws qhov rooj xauv, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm ob sab ntawm cov yob. Lub tuam txhab of the elevator cov kws tshaj lij yuav pib zawm lub thauj tog rau nkoj bolts lossis nthuav bolts uas kho lub qhov rooj ncej ncej. Tom qab ntawd lawv mam li kho qhov yuam kev verticality ntawm qhov tsaws qhov rooj ncej thiab kab rov tav qhov yuam kev ntawm transom kom tsawg dua 1/1000. Thaum qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw tsaws qhov rooj thiab cov sill groove ntawm ob qho kawg thiab nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tsawg dua 1 hli, tag nrho cov bolts yuav tsum tau ruaj khov.
Tom qab cov kev hloov kho no los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator, lub qhov rooj nplooj ntawv txuas txuas tau muab ntsia. Thaum lub qhov rooj tsaws tau teeb tsa kom zoo, lub tuam txhab of the elevator yuav manually thawb thiab rub lub qhov rooj kom tsis txhob muaj suab nrov lossis nruj, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev lav phib xaub. Thaum kawg, qhov chaw tsaws qhov rooj hluav taws xob cuam tshuam tau teeb tsa, ua kom tiav lub qhov rooj ntawm lub elevator mechanism installation txheej txheem.
C. Kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb
1) Kev soj ntsuam ua ntej
Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator yog thawj kauj ruam tom qab lub elevator installation tiav. Pab neeg soj ntsuam yuav ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas thawj zaug ntawm qhov zoo ntawm lub elevator installation, nrog rau qhov tseeb thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm ob qho tib si txhua yam thiab hluav taws xob cov khoom, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lub elevator.
2) Kev Xeem Ua Haujlwm
Cov kauj ruam no suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov haujlwm of the elevator los ntawm lub tuam txhab of the elevator cov kws tshaj lij, suav nrog kev pib, khiav, nrawm, nrawm, nres, thiab qhib thiab kaw lub qhov rooj raws li qhov chaw tsim khoom of elevator tsim.
3) Kev tshuaj xyuas cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb
Lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator kuaj xyuas tias tag nrho cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub elevator, xws li tus tswv xeev ceev, iav kev nyab xeeb, lub qhov rooj sib txuas, kev tiv thaiv overload, thiab khawm nres thaum muaj xwm ceev, ua haujlwm zoo.
4) Load Test
Lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator ua tsis muaj kev thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom tag nrho los xyuas kom meej tias lub elevator ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Kev ntsuas tag nrho-load feem ntau yuav tsum ncav cuag 125% ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov muaj peev xwm, uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
5) Kev ntsuas ceev
Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov tseeb ceev ntawm lub elevator ua haujlwm ua raws li tus qauv tsim thiab xyuas seb puas muaj kev sib tw dhau los lossis qis dua.
6) Emergency thiab Fault Simulation
Simulate lub elevator cov lus teb rau qhov ua yuam kev lossis xwm txheej xwm txheej ceev, xws li kev ua kom lub teeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv sib txuas lus xwm txheej ceev, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem cawm.
V. Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev tu
A. Kev xeem ua haujlwm
1) Kev tshuaj xyuas qhov muag
Lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator yuav tsum ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Rau qhov kawg no:
● Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees: Xyuas kom lub elevator ncej, lub tsheb, lub qhov hnyav, thiab cov khoom siv hauv chav tsev los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator tau teeb tsa tag nrho, tsis muaj qhov ploj lossis cov ntsia hlau.
● Kev kuaj xyuas kom huv: Paub meej tias lub elevator sab hauv thiab sab nrauv yog huv si, tsis muaj cov khib nyiab los yog lwm yam khoom siv, raws li qhov no qhia txog lub tuam txhab of the elevator kom paub meej.
● Kos Kos Npe: Tshawb xyuas seb puas muaj tag nrho cov paib sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub elevator, suav nrog qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm lub elevator, lub peev xwm thauj khoom, cov ntaub ntawv tsim khoom, cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj thaum muaj xwm ceev, thiab lwm yam.
2) Cov Kev Ntsuas Static
Ib lub tuam txhab elevator uas muaj npe nrov yuav hais kom muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo li qub:
● Kev Ntsuas Qhov Rooj: Tshawb xyuas seb lub qhov rooj of the elevator, ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub elevator loj thiab muaj peev xwm, qhib thiab kaw kom zoo, thiab seb qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov npoo yog rhiab thiab txhim khu kev qha.
● Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob: Ntsuas lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm lub elevator, suav nrog cov tswj vaj huam sib luag, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov teeb liab, thiab lwm yam.
● Mechanical System Test: Txheeb xyuas lub tsheb sib npaug coefficient, counterweights, traction mechanisms, thiab lwm yam, kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator tsis xoob lossis tsim cov suab nrov txawv txav.
3) Dynamic Tests
Thaum lub sij hawm kuaj dynamic, lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator yuav tsum xyuas kom meej:
● Kev Ua Haujlwm Tsis Muaj Kev Thauj Khoom: Thaum pib ua haujlwm of the elevator yam tsis muaj kev thauj khoom los saib xyuas yog tias lub elevator khiav zoo thiab tsis muaj suab nrov txawv txawv, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm elevator qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm.
● Kev Ntsuas Kev Ua Haujlwm: Muab cov khoom thauj uas tau teev tseg (feem ntau yog siv qhov ntsuas qhov hnyav tshwj xeeb) hauv lub tsheb los tshuaj xyuas lub elevator qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov xwm txheej, suav nrog seb qhov pib, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev sib tsoo puas zoo, thiab yog tias qhov ceev ua tau raws li cov qauv teev tseg. ua haujlwm of elevator.
● Kev Ntsuas Nres: Ntsuas lub elevator lub braking system kom ntseeg tau tias nws tuaj yeem nres yam xyuam xim thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev-qhov tseem ceeb rau lub tuam txhab elevator.
● Emergency Device Test: kuaj cov khoom siv thaum muaj xwm ceev xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thaum muaj xwm ceev (piv txwv li, UPS), cov khoom siv ceeb toom thaum muaj xwm ceev, teeb pom kev kub ceev, thiab lwm yam, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog, uas yog qhov ua pov thawj rau kev lees paub zoo ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator. .
4) Kev Ntsuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb
Raws li ib feem ntawm kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb, lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator yuav tsum:
● Overspeed Governor Test: Kuaj seb tus tswv xeev overspeed puas muaj kev ntseeg siab kom paub tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem txiav tawm lub hwj chim thiab qhib lub iav kev nyab xeeb tam sim ntawd thaum lub elevator tshaj qhov kev txwv ceev - tus qauv tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator rau elevator ntawm txhua qhov ntau thiab tsawg.
● Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Thaum ua qhov kev xeem dhau ntawm tus tswv xeev, xyuas seb lub iav kev nyab xeeb puas tuaj yeem nres tau zoo, kom ntseeg tau tias lub tsheb yuav tsis poob kev tswj hwm thiab poob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xyuas lub tuam txhab of elevator lub koob npe nrov rau kev nyab xeeb.
● Kev Ntsuas Qhov Rooj Xauv Xauv: Tshawb xyuas lub elevator qhov rooj xauv lub tshuab kom paub tseeb tias lub elevator tsis tuaj yeem pib tshwj tsis yog lub qhov rooj kaw tag, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb tshwj xeeb uas tau hais los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator.
Los ntawm kev ua tib zoo ua cov kev sim ua haujlwm no, lub tuam txhab tsim lub elevator tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub elevator lawv tsim tsis yog ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam nkaus xwb tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov neeg siv ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg elevator.
B. Kev Npaj Kho Mob
1) Kev tu txhua hnub
Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm of elevator. Qhov no suav nrog kev kuaj pom txhua hnub los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of elevator cov neeg ua haujlwm, xws li ntxuav sab hauv thiab sab nraum lub elevator, kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb pom kev zoo, lub tswb nrov, thiab lub qhov rooj ua haujlwm zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, mloog cov suab nrov txawv txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb, vim tias lawv yuav qhia tau tias yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator.
2) Kev soj ntsuam ib ntus
Kev saib xyuas ib ntus, feem ntau ua los ntawm lub tuam txhab of the elevator's trained technicians, feem ntau yog ua txhua hli. Lawv tsom mus rau lub elevator cov haujlwm yooj yim, xws li of the elevator sizes and capacity, and key security features. Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas no, cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm lub tuam txhab tsim khoom of the elevator tshuaj xyuas lub elevator qhov ceev, qib qhov tseeb, nres qhov deb, thiab qhov rooj qhib thiab kaw ceev. Tag nrho cov khoom siv kev nyab xeeb, xws li cov tswj ceev ceev, kev ruaj ntseg clamps, thiab buffers, kuj raug sim rau kev ua haujlwm kom raug.
VI. Cov lus xaus thiab cov lus pom zoo
Thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm cov neeg nrog caij elevator, lub tuam txhab elevator yuav tsum tsom rau cov hauv qab no cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
● Kev Nyab Xeeb: Kev nyab xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho of elevator. Txhua qhov kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tam sim no los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb.
● Kev Ua Raws Cai: Kev txhim kho of the elevator yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv lub tebchaws thiab hauv cheeb tsam, suav nrog cov lej hauv tsev, cov lej hluav taws, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam.
● Kev Tswjhwm Zoo: Cov txheej txheem tswj kev ua haujlwm zoo yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm los ntawm lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm of the elevator thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo ntawm txhua yam khoom thiab cov tshuab.
● Kev cob qhia thiab kev saib xyuas: Pab pawg neeg teeb tsa yuav tsum tau txais kev cob qhia kev tshaj lij los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom of elevator thiab ua kev saib xyuas tsim nyog ntawm lub elevator kom ntseeg tau tias lawv txoj haujlwm ruaj khov mus ntev.
● Kev Siv Tau: Kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau cov qauv siv tau ntawm cov neeg caij elevator, suav nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub elevator thiab muaj peev xwm, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus, suav nrog cov neeg muaj kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem siv tau yooj yim.
● Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig: Kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm cov neeg caij elevator yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum tsim thiab teeb tsa los ntawm lub tuam txhab of elevator, xaiv cov khoom txuag hluav taws xob thiab eco-phooj ywg thiab technologies.
VII. Cov ntaub ntawv
● "International Building Code" (IBC)
● "American Safety Standard for Elevators" (ASME A17.1)
● "European Elevator Standards" (EN 81)
FUJI of the elevator Hoobkastau pom nyob rau hauv 1987, muaj keeb kwm ntawm 37 xyoo. Txij li xyoo 2008, peb tau koom tes nrog Nyiv lub tuam txhab Fujitec. FUJI of the elevator Tuam Tshoj tau exporting of the elevator ntau tshaj 20 xyoo, thiab fuji elevator tau mus txog ntau tshaj 100 lub teb chaws.
Yog tias koj txaus siab rau FUJI elevator, koj tuaj yeem sab laj nrog peb txhua lub sijhawm.